THE CLASSIFICATION WITHIN THE JUGLANDACEAE' WAYNE E. MANNING; ABSTRACT A full description is presented of the Jiglandaceae and of the two subfamilies (Platy-caryoideae, Juglandoideae), three tribes of the Juglandoideae (Juglandeae, Engelhardieae, Hicorieae), seven genera, with their subgenera and sections. Figures and tables are given to illustrate the evolution of the genera, the comparative classifications within the family, and the comparative interpretations of the parts of the floral envelopes. Diagrams are presented of the position of the carpels, the orientation and type of the stigmas, and the parts of the floral envelopes. A list is given of the 59 species, with the subspecies and varieties of each, including their distribution. This article on the Juglandaceae of the world brings together full descriptions of morphological features of the family, subfamilies, tribes, genera, subgenera, and sections, as well as a list of species. Published descriptions are scattered through the literature. Many of the family and generic descriptions are found in regional taxonomic treatments, primarily for meimbers native to the United States, and hence are incomplete, such as Sargent (1933), Rehder (1940), Fernald (1950), and Gleason (1952); few descriptions are given of lesser categories between the ranks of family and genera and genera and species. Modern descriptions of the family applicable to world-wide members are avail-able in works such as Koidzumi (1937), Manning (1952, 1970, 1974), Melchior (1964), Hutchinson (1959, 1967), Elias (1972), and a few others. Engler (1889), Koidzumi (1937), and Melchior (1964) give descriptions of genera, but only Hutchinson (1967) presents rather full descriptions of ail (8) modern genera. Some descriptions contain scattered inaccuracies; most do not include all of the variations which occur in the taxa. This paper describes some features not normally included, such as the natureof early scales and buds and leaves on the seedlings. New information cornesfrom the reasscssment of the cross sections of the bases of Engelhardia fruits,and of the timing of the appearance of the staminate catkin buds in Pterocariyarhoifolia. A new classification within the family is necessary in order to show the trucrelationships of genera. The most complete classifications to date are given inOersted (1870a, 1870b). Koidzumi (1937), Leroy (1955), and Melchior (1964),the taxa of the last two being invalidly published. Elias (1972) also discussesthe classifications, but does not propose any formal treatment. In these publi-cations the arrangement of genera is based primarily on fruits, their sizes, andstructure of organs involved in dissemination, such as wings or husk. Stone(1973) has suggested that the obvious fruit characteristics are in large partecological, not necessarily indicative of relationships. Studies in type and position of inflorescences, nature of parts of floral 'I wish to thank Dr. Donald E. Stone for his careful checking of the manuscript, and Dr.Carroll E. Wood, Jr. for his help with problems in nomenclature. SDepartment of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837.ANN. MISSOURI BOT. GAHn. 65: 1058-1087. 1978.0026-6493/78/1058-1087 $03.05/0
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