r GENERAL The anatomy, phylogeny and classification of \ bariliine cyprinid fishes G. J. Howes Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Contents Synopsis 129 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Specimens examined . . . . . . . . . . .130 Abbreviations used in the figures . . . . . . . . .130 Anatomical description of Opsariichthys, Zacco, Luciosoma, Barilius and Engraulicypris 1 3 1 Osteology 131 External anatomical characters . . . . . . . . .171 The brain 177 Summary of characters . . . . . . . . . . 1 79 Relationships of the bariliine genera . . . . . . . . .179 Classification of Barilius . . . . . . . . . .180 Classification of Leptocypris . . . . . . . . . .181 Classification of Engraulicypris . . . . . . . . .182 Classification of Rasbora (in part) . . . . . . . . .182 Parluciosoma gen. nov. . . . . . . . . . . .183 Megarasbora Gunther, 1868 183 Interrelationships and classification of the bariliine genera . . . . .183 Interrelationships of the bariliine group . . . . . . . .184 Biogeography of the bariliines . . . . . . . . . .186 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Appendix 1. Annotated list of bariliine genera and species . . . . .188 Appendix 2. A note on the taxa formerly included in Engraulicypris . . .195 References . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 Synopsis The osteology, external anatomical features and gross brain morphology of the cyprinid fish genera Opsariichthys, Zacco, Luciosoma, Barilius and Engraulicypris are described and compared. With the exception of Zacco a series of synapomorph characters are identified in these genera which enable them to be related as a monophyletic assemblage termed the bariliine group. The distribution of certain characters demands a reclassification of the considered genera. Species formerly included in Barilius are now referred to four genera, Barilius, Opsaridium, Raiamas and Leptocypris. Engraulicypris is recognized as monotypic and forming the sister group to Leptocypris. The identification of synapomorphies in Luciosoma and some species of Rasbora requires the establishment of a new genus, Parluciosoma, to contain the latter. Megarasbora is identified as a member of the bariliine group and as representing a plesiomorph luciosomine. The geographic distribution of the group is summarized. Relationships of the bariliines with other monophyletic groups is unresolved, but the chelines are nominated as the likely sister group. Zacco does not share any of the derived characters that relate the bariliine genera and it is suggested that its closest relatives are to be found amongst the alburnine cyprinids. Appendices are included which contain annotated lists of the bariliine taxa and notes on the generic allocation of those species previously included in Engraulicypris. Introduction C. Tate Regan (1911) was the first author to consider Opsariichthys as a primitive or generalized cyprinid. He did so on the basis of its possessing triserial pharyngeal teeth, a 'complete series' of Bull. Br. Mus. tint. Hist. (Zool.) 37 (3): 129-198 Issued 31 January 1980 129
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