BioStor
 | A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects H G Dyar (1903) Bulletin of the United States National Museum 52: 1-723 |
 | Notes on Some American Noctuids in the British Museum John B Smith (1907) Journal of The New York Entomological Society 15: 141-162 |
 | An historical review of the higher classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) I J Kitching (1984) Bulletin of The British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 49: 153-234 |